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Your CASPer & MMI Preparation Guide

There are five question types across CASPer and MMI — three that appear in both tests, and two that are MMI only. Identifying the question type is your first step: it tells you exactly how to structure your response and where to focus your effort.

Step 2 generally accounts for around 50% of your score in all question types. Make sure your middle step is specific and well-developed — this is where evaluators look for depth.

The Five Question Types

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Which question types apply to you?

The first three types — Situational, Judgment, and Reflective — appear in both CASPer and MMI. If you are only preparing for CASPer, focus on these three. Personal and Communication are MMI-only question types and will not appear in your CASPer test.

CASPer & MMI
Situational
"What would I do?"
Focus: Action and decision-making in the moment
Applies to: CASPer & MMI

Validate everyone's perspectives and how they might feel, then explain clearly what you would do and why.

Examples
  • "What would you do in this situation?"
  • "What steps would you take to address this?"
  • "How would you respond to your teammate?"
  1. 1
    Validate Perspectives
    Acknowledge how each person in the situation might feel and think. For questions involving a personal setback or challenge, include your own emotional response too.
  2. 2
    Actions
    Explain what you would do and your reasoning. For each action, consider its effect on everyone involved — not just whether it solves the problem, but how it lands for each person. Aim for 2+ specific actions, each with a reason.
  3. 3
    Why It Matters
    Connect your actions to values like fairness, communication, or teamwork.
Judgment
"What's the most ethical approach, and why?"
Focus: Ethical reasoning and justifying your position
Applies to: CASPer & MMI

Acknowledge the dilemma and both options briefly, then go deep on your reasoning — grounding your conclusion in principles like fairness, integrity, or accountability. Depth beats breadth here.

Examples
  • "What are the pros and cons of each approach?"
  • "In your opinion, is it ever acceptable to...?"
  • "How would you prioritize the competing demands in this situation?"
  • "How, if at all, would this change your response to the previous question?"
  1. 1
    Acknowledge the Dilemma
    Identify what makes this decision genuinely difficult — the competing options, values, or perspectives at stake.
  2. 2
    Analyze
    Briefly acknowledge both options and why each has merit, then go deep on the one you're arguing for. Explain the consequences, the ethical principles at stake, and why your position is the most defensible. Depth of reasoning on one well-argued side scores higher than surface coverage of both. This is where most of your score is earned.
  3. 3
    Conclude
    Justify why your chosen position is the most ethical — or explain why a balanced approach better serves the principles that matter in this situation.
Reflective
"What did I feel and learn?"
Focus: Personal reflection and growth
Applies to: CASPer & MMI

Describe the situation and how you felt (or would feel), reflect on what you learned (or might learn) about yourself, and explain what you carry forward.

Examples
  • "Tell me about a time when you had to deliver difficult news to someone."
  • "Describe a situation where you made a mistake. What did you learn?"
  • "Based on your personality, how would you feel about this?"
  1. 1
    Situation & Feelings
    Describe what happened and how you felt (or would feel).
  2. 2
    Learn & Reflect
    Go beyond the lesson — for past experiences, explain why you felt or acted the way you did; for hypothetical questions, explain what your predicted response reveals about you. Share what you understood about yourself (personality, tendencies, strengths or weaknesses) and how that connects to your impact on others or your development over time. Strong responses also consider how you might seek feedback or perspective from others to deepen that self-understanding. Aim for 2+ points.
  3. 3
    Takeaway
    Your key takeaway — explain what you took away from an experience, or how it changed your thinking or behavior. For hypothetical questions ("Based on your personality..." or "How do you think you would feel..."), this step is less important — focus your depth on Steps 1 and 2.
MMI Only
Personal
"Who are you, and what drives you?"
Focus: Self-knowledge and readiness
Applies to: MMI

These questions ask you to declare something about yourself directly — your motivations, qualities, or goals. Be clear and grounded, and back every claim with a specific example.

Examples
  • "Why do you want to work in this field?"
  • "What is your greatest strength as a future healthcare professional?"
  • "What experience has most prepared you for this program?"
  1. 1
    State
    Give a clear, confident response to the question.
  2. 2
    Evidence
    Support your answer with a real or realistic scenario.
  3. 3
    Reflect
    Connect it to your readiness for the program or profession.
Communication
"How would you communicate this?"
Focus: Tailoring your message to your audience
Applies to: MMI

These questions test how clearly and appropriately you communicate. Think about who you are speaking to before you start.

Examples
  • "How would you explain this diagnosis to a patient who has no medical background?"
  • "How would you tell a colleague that their behavior is affecting the team?"
  • "How would you inform a family member about a change in their loved one's care plan?"
  1. 1
    Audience Awareness
    Identify who you are speaking to and what they need to hear.
  2. 2
    Deliver
    Communicate the message clearly, with appropriate tone and language.
  3. 3
    Check for Understanding
    Confirm the message landed — invite questions or clarify.

The Nine CASPer Aspects

Every CASPer scenario is built around one of these aspects. Knowing them helps you recognise what is being tested and focus your response accordingly.

Collaboration
Working effectively with others towards shared goals
Collaboration is the ability to work with others in a way that balances both individual and collective goals. Effective collaborators function interdependently — they contribute their own strengths while staying focused on the broader mission of the group. This involves listening to and valuing different perspectives, being flexible when plans change, and stepping in to help even outside of their defined responsibilities. A skilled collaborator is not focused on personal recognition but on the success of the team as a whole.
Communication
Expressing ideas clearly and ensuring others feel heard
Communication is the skill of expressing yourself clearly and ensuring others feel heard and understood. It spans verbal, non-verbal, and written forms, and it underpins nearly every personal and professional interaction. Effective communicators adapt their approach to the context, listen actively, ask clarifying questions, and are aware of tone, body language, and word choice. Communication is a two-way process that requires just as much attention to listening as to speaking.
Empathy
Understanding another person's perspective and responding with care
Empathy is the ability to notice, understand, and appreciate another person's feelings and perspective. It goes beyond simply acknowledging that someone is upset or happy — it involves seeing the situation through their eyes, recognizing how it affects them, and responding in a way that shows care and respect. An empathetic person takes time to listen without judgment, validates others' emotions, and responds thoughtfully, even if they don't fully agree with the other person's view.
Fairness
Treating people equitably and making unbiased decisions
Fairness is about treating people equitably and making decisions without bias. It involves listening to all perspectives, applying rules consistently, and avoiding favoritism. Acting fairly means considering both individual needs and the needs of the group, and ensuring that decisions are guided by principles rather than personal preference. Fairness is not always about treating everyone the same — sometimes it means recognizing unique circumstances and adjusting accordingly while still being consistent and transparent.
Ethics
Acting with honesty, integrity, and accountability
Ethics is the ability to distinguish right from wrong and to act with integrity, even when it's difficult or when no one is watching. Ethical behavior is grounded in honesty, accountability, and respect for others. Acting ethically requires more than following rules — it involves reflecting on the consequences of actions, considering the impact on others, and sometimes having the courage to speak up when something seems wrong. Ethical individuals take responsibility for their mistakes and prioritize doing the right thing over personal gain.
Motivation
The drive to pursue goals and overcome challenges
Motivation is the inner drive to set and pursue goals, even in the face of challenges. It is not limited to external rewards like recognition or grades — it also comes from a sense of purpose, curiosity, and the desire to grow. Motivated individuals demonstrate persistence, initiative, and resilience in working toward their objectives. Motivation doesn't mean never losing momentum, but rather being able to re-ignite it when things get difficult.
Problem-Solving
Analyzing challenges and finding practical, fair solutions
Problem-solving is the ability to recognize challenges, analyze them thoughtfully, and develop practical solutions. It combines critical thinking, creativity, and adaptability, allowing individuals to respond effectively when things don't go as planned. Effective problem-solvers break issues into manageable parts, consider multiple approaches, and weigh both short- and long-term consequences before acting. They remain calm under pressure and are willing to seek input from others when needed.
Resilience
Recovering from difficulties and adapting to change
Resilience is the capacity to recover from setbacks, adapt to change, and keep moving forward in the face of challenges. It involves maintaining focus and positivity even when circumstances are difficult, and learning from hardship rather than being defeated by it. Resilient individuals manage stress constructively, keep their goals in sight, and maintain confidence in their ability to overcome obstacles. Resilience isn't about never feeling discouraged — it's about regaining momentum after setbacks and continuing to move forward.
Self-Awareness
Understanding your own strengths, weaknesses, and impact on others
Self-awareness is the ability to recognize and understand your own thoughts, emotions, strengths, and weaknesses. It means being honest with yourself about how you operate, noticing how your behavior affects others, and taking responsibility for personal growth. Self-aware individuals reflect on their decisions and actions, welcome feedback, and adjust their behavior when needed. Self-awareness doesn't mean constant self-criticism — it means balanced reflection that leads to improvement.

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